Thompson, in postharvest biology and technology of tropical and subtropical fruits. First report of lasiodiplodia theobromae associated with stemend. Infection of stems can lead to bark cankers and stem thickening and death. Pmasarid agriculture university, rawalpindi, pakistan a thesis submitted for the degree of doctor of philosophy at the university of queensland in 2016. Stem end rot is a wellestablished postharvest disease of mango caused by. The objective of the research was to study the effect of physical treatments, with hot water rinse brushing hwrb and ultraviolet c irradiation uv. Fruit from the sprayed orchard subsequently developed a high level of stem end rot caused by d.
Notes on the action of a cuproorganic fungicide on stem end rot of banana caused by c. Pdf mango stemend rot botryosphaeria dothidea disease. Rot symptoms advanced slowly but eventually penetrated the mesocarp, which. Mango stem end rot pathogens infection levels between. Endophytic colonisation of inflorescence and pedicel. Biology and technology of tropical and subtropical fruits. Recognizing mango disease symptoms learn about managing. Mangos generally rot from the nonstem end, from the seed or pit, and from any dark spots on the outside. It is characterized by dark lesions developing at the pedicel end of the mango. Characterization of fungal pathogens that cause stemend rot in mango fruit. The fungus could infect mangoes through both pedicel and peel wounds, causing stem end rot and anthracnose in ripe fruit. Since mangoes transported to the wholesale market were still unripe, disease symptoms that usually start to appear in ripening fruits were not yet apparent. Chemical control of stemend rot on mango fruits in the san francisco river valley.
Field and postharvest biology of dendritic spot and stem end rot of. Anthracnose and stem end rot ser, caused by colletotrichum and dothoriella spp. After harvest, the disease lesion on fruits appear in the stem area which becomes darkbrown to black. Download limit exceeded you have exceeded your daily download allowance. The uc postharvest technology center grants users permission to download textual pages including pdf files from this world wide. In vitro and field studies were previously applied against l. Table 1 lists the major mango fruit, flower and leaf, stem, and root diseases described in the literature. Stemend rot symptoms are dark spots with defined edges on the epidermis of the fruit that emanate from the stem end. Field guide to nonchemical pest management in mango. Availability of a significantly detailed study on morphological and molecular characterization of the ser associated fungal species is comparatively low. Treating a sick mango for fungal diseases involves using a fungicide. Screening of cultivarsvarieties against mango anthracnose.
Bacterial antagonists and hexanalinduced systemic resistance of mango fruits against lasiodiplodia theobromae causing stemend rot. Physicochemical parameters, respiration and resistance induction of the fruit were also analysed. Mango stem end rot pathogens infection levels between flowering and harvest. Peterson and others published chemical control of stem end rot in mango find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Botryodiplodia theobromae stalk and fruit rot, ceratocystis paradoxa stem end rot, pyricularia grisea pitting disease and verticillium dahliae cigar end of. At present, disease control is achieved with chemical fungicides which are hazardous to human health and environment. Mango diseases and its management linkedin slideshare. Lasiodiplodia theobromae is one of the most frequent fungal pathogens associated with dieback, gummosis, leaf spot, stem. Because of the danger of copper phytotoxicity throughinteraction with other sprays on mango flowers and flower stalks, it is recommended that growers do notspray with copper at this time but rather spray with mancozeb at recommended label rates at intervals of oneweek from the time flower shoots appear until fruit size is about a 20 cent piece. A preharvest dry stemend rot was first noticed on tommy atkins in mexico in 1973, and it has spread to all mexican plantings of this cultivar causing losses of 1080%. Control of stem end rot dothiorella dominicana and other postharvest diseases of mango.
Control measure of stem end rot disease, hot benomyl 52 deg c ppm for 5 mins, dip and followed by prochloraz at 250 ppm for 30 sec were tested with mango infected with all stem end rot pathogens. Sooty molds capnodium citri capnodium mangiferae capnodium ramosum meliola spp. The commonly known diplodia stemend rot is caused by botryodiplodia theobromae. The stemend rot of mango fruits caused by diplodianata lensis pole evans in transit and storage is a serious problem which has received relatively limited attention in this country. Diplodia natalensis phomopsis mangiferae, cytosphaera mangiferae, pestalotiopsis sp. One of the most wellknown diseases caused by ceratocystis paradoxa is black rot or stemend rot of pineapple, but it can also infect tropical fruit plants such as banana and coconuts as well as sugarcane. Growth and infectivity of botryodiplodia theobromae. Fruit infection by colletotrichum gloeosporioides and anthracnose.
Syed rn, mansha n, khaskheli ma, khanzada ma, lodhi am 2014 chemical control of stem end rot of mango caused by lasiodiplodia theobromae. Each pest included has a brief description of its lifecycle, damage it causes, and the control measures. Field and postharvest biology of dendritic spot and stem. Field guide to nonchemical pest management in mango production 8 pesticide action network pan germany how to use this field guide this field guide is designed to make the control of mango pests as easy as possible. Download and listen to the country hour, presented by matt brann. The pathogen infects the fruits through wounds or other openings after harvest has already happened and the fruit is fresh. The stem end rot pathogens of mango mangifera indica, dothiorella dominicana, dothiorella mangiferae, lasiodiplodia theobromae syn. When purchasing a mango, obviously avoid any signs of rot. Hot benomyl followed by prochloraz provided effective control of stem end rot caused by d. Mango dieback and gummosis in sindh, pakistan caused by lasiodiplodia theobromae muhammad ali khanzada, abdul mubeen lodhi, and saleem shahzad, pest and disease research lab, department of botany, university of karachi, karachi75270, pakistan. Retention of latex at harvest, enhanced mango mangifera indica l.
In the initial stage, the epicarp darkens around the base fo the pedicel. University of arid agriculture, rawalpindi, pakistan m. Black fibers indicate a different sort of rot, also bad. C, individually and in combination, to control stem. Horticulturae free fulltext fruit stemend rot html mdpi.
First report of lasiodiplodia theobromae associated with. First report of stemend rot of mango caused by phomopsis. Morphological and molecular variability of lasiodiplodia theobromae causing stem end rot of mango in tamil nadu, india. Tips on how to prevent stemend rot and other nasty mango diseases. Meah mb 1993 mode of infection of mango stemend rot pathogen botryodiplodia theobromae pat. Diplodia stemend rot is a fungal disease caused by complex fungal organisms. Botryosphaeriaceae associated with diseases of mango westerdijk.
Tips on how to prevent stemend rot and other nasty mango. The mango stem borer, batocera rufomaculata invades the trunk. Growth and infectivity of botryodiplodia theobromae causing stemend rot of mango. Stem end rot disease of mango and its control agris. Low cost, high impact solutions for improving the quality. The earliest indicator of stem end rot incidence at harvest was the infection level in peduncle tissue sampled 11 weeks after flowering. Read application of essential oils for postharvest control of stem end rot of mango fruits during storage, international journal of postharvest technology and innovation on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Mango dieback and gummosis in sindh, pakistan caused by. Growth and infectivity of botryodiplodia theobromae causing stemend rot. All chemical treatments significantly reduced the incidence of stemend rot tukey, p pdf 77 kb abstract.
The characteristic symptom of the disease is the white superficial powdery fungal growth on leaves, stalk of panicles, flowers and young fruits. First report of lasiodiplodia theobromae associated with stemend rot of mango in manipur, india. As trees in australian plantations become older, the losses from stem end rot will increase. Physical postharvest treatments in the control of stem. Stem end rot department of agriculture and fisheries. Kensington pride stemend rot on partialpressure infiltration v. Leaves and shoots are preyed on by the caterpillars of parasa lepida. Chemical control of stemend rot on mango fruits in the. Retention of latex at harvest, enhanced mango mangifera. Stemend rot development during the fruit ripening process. Pdf comparative effect of vinegar, baking soda and sugar. Dothiorella dominicana and their in vivo efficacy in controlling mango cv. In sri lanka, stemend rot ser caused by lasiodiplodia sp.
Stemend rot ser is one of the most frequently found mango postharvest diseases in many countries including sri lanka. Mango stem end rot botryosphaeria dothidea disease control by partialpressure infiltration of fungicides. Confocal images of mango stemend stained with aniline blue show a endophytic colonization of the phloem, and b necrotrophic colonization of ripe fruit. The volatile metabolites from the headspace gas of containerised mango mangifera indica cv. In this case, mango disease symptoms present as circular greenishgrey spots that turn rust red on the leaves. Johnson and others published infection and quiescence in mango stem end rot pathogens.
Field and postharvest biology of dendritic spot and stem end rot of mango arslan jabeen b. A dark brown to black rot begins at the stem end as a dark brown ring and the rot proceeds towards the other end. The pathogenic fungi which cause anthracnose and stem end rot such as. Stem end rot of mango disease management fruit should not come in contact with the soil or fallen leaves and twigs during harvesting. Mango stem end rot pathogens infection levels between flowering and harvest article pdf available in annals of applied biology 1193. Species of botryosphaeriaceae associated on mango in brazil core. Use of selected essential oils for controlling stemend. Diseases of fruit, plantation, medicinal and aromatic crops. Pdf infection and quiescence in mango stem end rot pathogens. The stem end rot pathogens of mango mangifera indica. Training manual on mango production in the philippines by. During 2006 and 2007, a stemend rot disease was observed one week after harvest on 28 to 36% of stored mangoes picked from six orchards in the pingtung, tainan, and kaoshiung regions of taiwan.
Preharvest sprays of carbendazim or thiophanate methyl 0. In storage, symptoms initially appeared as light to dark brown lesions surrounding peduncles. Frontiers biological control of mango dieback disease. Another stemend rot is caused by lasiodiplodia theobromae. A dark rot develops from the stem end as fruit ripen after harvest. Powdery mildew is one of the most serious diseases of mango affecting almost all the varieties. In this study, the variation in the genetic diversity of 117 l. Diplodia natalensisdiplodia natalensis symptomssymptoms the dark epicarp around the base of the pedicelthe dark epicarp around the base of the pedicel in the initial stage the affected area enlarges toin the initial stage the affected area enlarges to form a circular, black patchform a circular, black patch under. Botryodiplodia theobromae an overview sciencedirect topics. Volatile metabolite profiling to detect and discriminate stemend rot.
Horticulturae free fulltext fruit stemend rot html. Caused by phomopsis caricaepapayae begins in the stem end or a fruit skin wound and can develop rapidly in ripe fruits. A spraying unit can be made using two tx2 hollow cone nozzles anthracnose ripe rot affecting kensington pride fruit fruit infected with bacterial black spot. C illustration of the development of stemend rot during fruit ripening adapted from diskin et al. Several other fungi cause postharvest diseases of banana and plantain fruit including.